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A mobile site hosts radio equipment that uses radiofrequency spectrum to provide connectivity to mobile devices. With the use of backhaul, end users are connected to their network provider\u2019s core network for voice and data connectivity. A mobile site exists in various forms including on a mobile tower, on top of commercial or residential buildings and light poles as well as inside buildings<\/span><\/p>

One way the <\/span>Mobile Network Operator's (<\/span>MNOs<\/span>)<\/span> estimate and illustrate mobile coverage is by producing coverage maps which indicate where their customers can expect to have mobile reception. Coverage maps are modelled on predictive coverage and therefore may not reflect the \u2018on the ground\u2019 experience for all end users. There are several factors that can impact mobile coverage including buildings, foliage/trees, bad weather, hills or mountains, the number of nearby people using the same mobile site and hardware compatibility.<\/span><\/p>

The parameters that underpin these predictive coverage models differ across the MNOs. These parameters can also change across time for a given MNO. These changes could mean that increases or decreases in the measurement of coverage from year to year may not necessarily reflect changes in the predicted \u2018on the ground\u2019 experience of end users. Instead, the changes may reflect differences in parameters that underpin the modelling of the predictive coverage maps or variations in the precision/accuracy of the models. Slight fluctuations in coverage areas from year to year could also result from optimisation activities undertaken by the MNOs, such as adjusting the tilt of antennas to reduce interference. Additionally, the introduction of new versions of prediction models/tools and potential differences in rounding and aggregation can result in minor variability in coverage predictions year to year, even if there are no actual changes in coverage.<\/span><\/p>

In addition, from 2018 to 2023, the MNOs have provided coverage maps based on different levels of coverage. In providing coverage maps in accordance with the RKR, the MNOs have interpreted the requirements differently. There are two types of coverage maps available:<\/span><\/p>

Outdoor coverage \u2013 coverage and quality of reception a customer can expect when using a device outdoors with typical handheld use, based on an elevated upright standing, head height position.<\/span><\/p>

External antenna (Ext Ant) coverage \u2013 expected coverage when a device is augmented using an external antenna or other coverage extension device that utilises an external antenna.<\/span><\/p>

In general, coverage maps which are based on external antenna coverage predict wider coverage areas than coverage maps based on outdoor coverage<\/span><\/p>

The data used for this layer have been sourced from the <\/span>ACCC Mobile Infrastructure Report 2025<\/span><\/a><\/p>

The <\/span>original <\/span>datasets are available at data.gov.au at the following address: <\/span>ACCC Mobile Infrastructure Report \u2013 data release<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>", "mapName": "Mobile Coverages and Sites (ACCC)", "description": "A mobile site hosts radio equipment that uses radiofrequency spectrum to provide connectivity to mobile devices. With the use of backhaul, end users are connected to their network provider\u2019s core network for voice and data connectivity. A mobile site exists in various forms including on a mobile tower, on top of commercial or residential buildings and light poles as well as inside buildingsOne way the Mobile Network Operator's (MNOs) estimate and illustrate mobile coverage is by producing coverage maps which indicate where their customers can expect to have mobile reception. Coverage maps are modelled on predictive coverage and therefore may not reflect the \u2018on the ground\u2019 experience for all end users. There are several factors that can impact mobile coverage including buildings, foliage/trees, bad weather, hills or mountains, the number of nearby people using the same mobile site and hardware compatibility.The parameters that underpin these predictive coverage models differ across the MNOs. These parameters can also change across time for a given MNO. These changes could mean that increases or decreases in the measurement of coverage from year to year may not necessarily reflect changes in the predicted \u2018on the ground\u2019 experience of end users. Instead, the changes may reflect differences in parameters that underpin the modelling of the predictive coverage maps or variations in the precision/accuracy of the models. Slight fluctuations in coverage areas from year to year could also result from optimisation activities undertaken by the MNOs, such as adjusting the tilt of antennas to reduce interference. 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With the use of backhaul, end users are connected to their network provider\u2019s core network for voice and data connectivity. A mobile site exists in various forms including on a mobile tower, on top of commercial or residential buildings and light poles as well as inside buildingsOne way the Mobile Network Operator's (MNOs) estimate and illustrate mobile coverage is by producing coverage maps which indicate where their customers can expect to have mobile reception. Coverage maps are modelled on predictive coverage and therefore may not reflect the \u2018on the ground\u2019 experience for all end users. There are several factors that can impact mobile coverage including buildings, foliage/trees, bad weather, hills or mountains, the number of nearby people using the same mobile site and hardware compatibility.The parameters that underpin these predictive coverage models differ across the MNOs. These parameters can also change across time for a given MNO. 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